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July 31, 2002, 11:05 PM ET

Site review: Omaha.com

Omaha.com, site of the Omaha (Neb.) World-Herald, sports a modern-looking design that's heavy on drop shadows -- but we won't hold that against them. It's clean and airy, almost to a fault; information is spread so thin that it takes several clicks to get to it. A few thoughts:

A few more nitpicky comments:

As always, please add your own comments using the comment system below.

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July 29, 2002, 10:33 PM ET

Site review: wlbz2.com

Wlbz2.com is the news Web site of television station WLBZ in Bangor, Maine. Its help page says, "It can be tough to find everything that a website has to offer." The rest of the site aims to prove that statement.

Alas, all is not bad with this site. I believe every news site can teach us something other than what not to do. Here are a few positive points:

Pitch in with your own review of wlbz2.com by posting a comment below.

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July 28, 2002, 3:14 PM ET

Study finds breadcrumb navigation useful

A University of Maryland study examines the usefulness of what it calls "structural navigation bars" -- otherwise known as breadcrumb navigation. Researchers found test subjects "took about 60 seconds less time to navigate a site with the nav bars than without."

I haven't seen many cases of breadcrumb navigation on news sites, and I think that's a bad thing. The only two news sites I'm familiar with that use it are:

(Disclaimer: I implemented breadcrumb navigation at themaneater.com.)

CJOnline organizes its breadcrumbs by topic (e.g. Home > News > Kansas), while themaneater.com organizes them by date and topic (e.g. Home > 2002 > July 17 > News > News story). In both cases, the breadcrumbs are extremely valuable tools, not only functioning as navigational shortcuts "up" and "down" the site tree, but also helping users orient themselves in the site. More news sites should be doing this.

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July 28, 2002, 2:44 PM ET

Boosting Web site credibility

Stanford University's Web credbility guidelines give useful ways to build a site's credibility -- including design and usability guidelines. The guidelines are somewhat obvious, but the cool thing is, they're backed with research.

I have a feeling these tips would be more helpful to small news Web sites than to larger ones.

(Previous post on this topic: Online credibility survey.)

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July 26, 2002, 11:34 PM ET

Site review: honoluluadvertiser.com

The Honolulu Advertiser's Web site is worth a look for its feeling of, well, freshness. Something about its combination of liberal font leading, flowery reds and blues, the always-slick Trebuchet MS, and the clean, airy balance of it all make it quite refreshing. Some thoughts:

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July 26, 2002, 8:51 PM ET

Redesign at canoe.ca

Craig Saila points out that CANOE (Canadian Online Explorer, "Canada's leading news and information site") has redesigned its home page.

I'd never been to the site, but I was struck by how jarringly different its site subsections are -- if "subsections" is an appropriate word. Compare, for instance, CNEWS to SLAM! Sports to C-Health to the Weather page -- all of which are listed in CANOE's "site index." (So I assume they're all considered part of the CANOE site.)

At first look, this is quite overwhelming and disorienting, almost surely proof that branding is not compatible with Web usability.

Then again, each subsection has a strong sense of identity and immerses readers in its content; readers are forced into the sections, one at a time, with no easy way out and limited means of distraction. I wonder whether readers would favor this more immersive type of design over a more traditional layout with, for example, a sitewide standard left rail navbar.

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July 25, 2002, 9:40 PM ET

A not-so-subtle design hint

This one cuts to the chase: Why Web Builders Must Move to XHTML.

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July 25, 2002, 9:31 PM ET

Inaccessible multimedia at nytimes.com

According to an item on ResearchBuzz, nytimes.com has launched a new multimedia section.

It's convenient having all this multimedia content in one place. But the convenience is overshadowed by the page's inaccessibility to browsers with JavaScript turned off. After disabling JavaScript in my browser, I discovered 24 of the 27 links in the content area of the page (not counting "Related Article" links) didn't take me anywhere. Nothing happened when I clicked them, because their a hrefs were set to load a JavaScript popup window and provided no alternate means of accessing the content.

The least they could have done is provide an error message for non-JavaScript browsers. Instead, the significant group of Internet users who disable JavaScript will be left clicking -- and getting increasingly frustrated.

(I've mentioned how to make JavaScript popups accessible in a previous post.)

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July 24, 2002, 10:11 PM ET

Usability study compares online news presentations

A Wichita State University usability study compares three presentation formats of online news -- "full," "summary" and "links" pages. A snippet of its findings:

Overall, there were no statistical differences in search time across the three presentation types. However, the Summary condition was perceived most positively in terms of ease of finding information, being visually pleasing, promoting comprehension, participants' satisfaction with the site, and looking professional.

Insightful results. The section labeled "Discussion" has the meaty stuff.

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July 24, 2002, 9:35 PM ET

Site review: EcoLatino.com beta site

Eco Latino, an upcoming Morris-affiliated Spanish/English monthly online tabloid in Florida, is still a work in progress. In fact, it only consists of one page that's about half done. But staugustine.com's AgentKen, who's working on the site, asked for some comments. Here goes:

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July 24, 2002, 9:30 PM ET

A new feature: news site reviews

AgentKen asked for some comments on one of his current projects. I've also received a few e-mails from readers requesting reviews of their own news sites. With that in mind, I'm going to start a regular feature on holovaty.com: news site reviews.

Reviews will focus on the technical ins and outs of sites -- including design, usability, information architecture, cleanliness of code, and accessibility. I'll try to make suggestions for improvements and, at the same time, point out cool features or ideas that other people in the industry might find interesting.

I'll try to post a new review every Monday, Wednesday and Friday. And, of course, readers are welcome to join in and post their own opinions on the sites I review by clicking "Comments." In fact, I insist. I want this to be a place where people can exchange ideas, teach and inspire one another.

Eventually I'll add discussion boards to this site so all outward communication won't have to go through me. Until then, you can submit a site for review by e-mailing me.

Without further ado, I've posted the Eco Latino review.

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July 22, 2002, 11:37 PM ET

Holovaty.com site improvements

I just added a custom-built search engine. It's on the upper right of every page, assuming you're using a current browser. (Otherwise it's at the bottom of every page.) It only searches blog entries, but I'll add comment-searching functionality soon. Please let me know whether anything breaks, or if you have suggestions.

Another feature I just finished: a page that lists the 15 latest comment postings. I've found that some of our discussions have kept going for days, and it's hard to keep track of the latest postings. A permanent link to this page will be up soon.

Also, AgentKen suggested I provide a way to fix typos in comments. Right off the bat, I can think of two solutions to this problem:

Which one's preferable?

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July 22, 2002, 1:13 PM ET

Keeping popup blockers in mind

The Wall Street Journal has a story about the fierce "arms race" between advertisers and companies that make popup-ad-blocking software, where "each side is working feverishly to outmaneuver the other."

A problem, the article notes, is that popup-blocking software, like Pop-Up Stopper, often has negative side-effects. Mainly, if you disable JavaScript popup ad windows, you'll also disable any other site functionality that relies on JavaScript popups and does not provide an alternate, non-JavaScript link. This problem affects not only users of popup-blocking software, but those who've turned off JavaScript manually, as well. A few examples of inaccessible content at time of this writing:

With JavaScript turned off, a user can't access any of those features. And news sites usually provide no explanation of why a link or feature won't work without JavaScript. (One exception: sacbee.com provides a nice message to JavaScript-disabled browsers explaining some of the site's features require scripting.)

There's an easy way to make your pages accessible to non-JavaScript browsers and users of popup-blocking software: Use the NOSCRIPT tag, and code your popup links appropriately.

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July 18, 2002, 10:46 PM ET

Knight Ridder sites regain some design control

Steve Outing reports Knight Ridder has backed off from its strategy of applying the same design to several Web sites in its chain. (Example: The Miami Herald vs. The San Jose Mercury News vs. The Kansas City Star.) Here are the only design details the article provides:

Local newspapers in the KR chain now have more control over their own Web sites -- with the ability to decide for themselves (mostly) what they wish to emphasize (city.com vs. newspaper.com) and more control over how their sites look. They have more options for making the sites best reflect their communities, rather than be saddled with a corporate-wide design.

Despite the fact that there were a few too many "more"s and "mostly"s in there -- and not enough "all"s or "completely"s -- it's good to see Knight Ridder's changing its tune. As many have said before, the current sites are completely devoid of character, horrid examples of cookie-cutter design. (One KR online editor was so frustrated he wrote a letter to his readers apologizing for the design and explaining his helplessness.)

This is great news. I hope it doesn't take long for the sites to redesign.

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July 18, 2002, 9:47 PM ET

Search engine lets users control its design

This isn't directly related to news sites, but I have a feeling we'll be seeing more of this soon: AlltheWeb, a search engine that's quickly gaining popularity, yesterday introduced a new feature, Alchemist. The press release gives details, but basically, it lets users design AlltheWeb to their liking, using style sheets. Fonts too small? Make 'em bigger. Don't like the color scheme? Paint it however you'd like. Your style sheet is yours to play with.

It's simple technology -- albeit unoriginal, as Waferbaby has had a similar feature for quite a while -- but it's significant because AlltheWeb is a relatively high-profile site. Perhaps other sites will take notice and realize the benefits of standards-compliant designs that separate content from presentation.

I predict news sites will be strongly hesitant to adapt such a feature -- God knows some are already nervous enough putting their content online for free -- but eventually a site will buckle and the followers will follow.

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July 18, 2002, 8:42 AM ET

Redesign at nydailynews.com

The New York Daily News redesigned its Web site Wednesday. New features: A monstrously large photo on each section front, DHTML-driven navigation and a 468x60 banner ad directly above all stories.

But before we delve into the redesign, let's look at the old site design for some perspective. Here are two versions of the old design's story pages. (They come to you courtesy of folks who happened to copy the Daily News' source code directly to their own Web sites.)

The old pages were pretty run-of-the-mill, standard online newspaper pages. A gray left rail; small, box-like icons for navigation; and a standing "quick search" form. The most exciting thing happening was the use of Impact as their headline font, which you don't see often.

Now, it's changed dramatically. Here are some first impressions:

That's it for now. Feel free to add your own review (or review of my review) by posting a comment below.

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July 17, 2002, 12:05 AM ET

Using HTML headings for headlines

The latest post in Mark Pilgrim's 30 Days to a More Accessible Weblog series encourages designers to use proper HTML headers. The main advantage of using proper header tags (e.g. H1, H2, H3) to define the logical structure of your Web pages is that headings will still have meaning in browsers that don't support graphics.

It's one thing to use FONT tags to make your headlines stand out in traditional graphical browsers. It's another to define the underlying structure of your documents so non-graphical browsers (Lynx, voice browsers, Web-enabled handheld devices, etc.) can also identify headlines as important pieces of your document. For example, Mark points out that JAWS, a screen-reading browser, announces the number of headers on a page, after which a user may select the header he or she wants to jump to.

This is an outstanding tip, and there's no reason news sites shouldn't be utilizing structural markup tags like H2 for their headlines. The technique introduces no harmful side effects; it only improves a site's accessibility. (And did I mention it'll help Google rank your headline's keywords higher?)

But the sad news, as always, is that news sites tend to have inaccessible markup. I examined the code of several news sites this evening to see which sites used the preferred method -- heading tags -- and which sites used FONT tags or CSS. I split the results into three divisions. (Methodology: I checked at least two standard news story pages on each site.)

Division I

These sites used proper HTML structure to define their headlines.

Division II

These sites used Cascading Style Sheets and/or inline styling to apply graphical formatting to their headlines.

Division III

These sites only used old-school FONT tags to apply graphical formatting to their headlines.

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July 15, 2002, 10:48 PM ET

NAA awards announced

The Newspaper Association of America has presented this year's Digital Edge Awards. The big winners this year were CJOnline, SavannahNOW.com and washingtonpost.com. My favorite is Hannibal.net's Mark Twain site, complete with videos of Mark Twain impersonators.

There's some great journalism here. I just wish there were an award for accessibility -- a reward for site creators who take the time to make their content easily accessible to all users, regardless of browser type. We're a long way from such an award, but introducing something along these lines might incent sites to do better.

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July 15, 2002, 12:10 PM ET

Online credibility survey

DallasNews.com and affiliates are conducting an online credibility survey that asks, "How credible are online news sources?" It claims to be "the largest online news survey ever undertaken on the credibility of online news sources." Evidently the study's results "will be used by journalists across the country to improve online news services."

I spent some time looking over the questions and was disheartened to find there was no attempt to determine a corrolation between credibility and good Web design; instead, most questions focused on content and usage patterns.

The lack of design questions is disappointing because past studies have shown that Web design can communicate trustworthiness, and credibility can be increased by the use of high-quality graphics. Clearly there's some kind of corrolation there, and it'd be interesting to see whether it extends to news sites.

A question like "Do you find well-designed news sites to be more credible than poorly designed sites?" would have made this survey more credible.

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July 14, 2002, 11:16 PM ET

Design copycats

"Stealing" content has been the talk of the online content industry lately, but here's another type of stealing that many people rarely think about -- design theft.

MediaGuardian.co.uk has an interesting article about theft of online design, which claims, "[w]hile most website operators know ripping off content is rife, the lifting of online design -- from entire sites to individual elements -- is just as widespread."

Great point. In fact, Web design theft is so widespread there's an entire site, pirated-sites.com, devoted to spotlighting particularly blatant cases.

I only found one news site in pirated-sites.com's archive, but I'm convinced news sites are some of the worst design stealers out there. (An example: The left-rail navigation of washingtonpost.com vs. that of U.S. News. I think the Post's came first.)

But who can blame 'em? For the most part, news sites have similar content, similar information architecture and, ultimately, similar missions. There are only so many ways that a Web page can present and organize "News," "Opinion," "Sports," and "Features." Plus, consider Web designers' limited font choices and somewhat-limited color choices, along with the philosophy that sites should abandon individualism in favor of usability, and you end up with very little room to move.

Still, that's no excuse. I know from experience how it feels to be ripped off -- my You Write the Caption site on ajc.com was blatantly copied by the Baltimore Sun, and they even admitted it after I e-mailed them -- and I think news sites should keep a steadier eye out for design copycats and maintain originality in their own designs, if for nothing else than for credibility.

For instance, I just plain wouldn't feel right ordering anything from Musician's Friend, seeing that its design is a direct copy of Amazon.com. Because they're not willing to invest in an original design, I can't help but wonder whether their products are similarly second-rate. Same goes for news sites; when I visited usnews.com for the first time, I felt the site was cheapened by the fact that its left rail looked exactly the same as washingtonpost.com's. (Of course, I'm a font and design junkie and thus notice these things more than the average Web surfer, but I'm sure I'm not the only one who has felt this way.)

A final thought: Ivan Hoffman, an Internet law attorney, has published some legal Articles for Web Site Designers and Site Owners, including advice on protecting your site's look and feel. While I don't necessarily condone legal action to ward off copycats, it's interesting to note that it's indeed a realistic option.

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July 12, 2002, 4:36 PM ET

Strange section titles

I've just posted a comment to Poynter's online-news list-serv about some news sites' strange section titles. Someone had asked whether online news staffs could benefit from attending usability conferences. My reply:

You bet your bippy online newspaper staffs can benefit from usability conferences. Steve Y. nailed it: Most newspaper sites' designs try to replicate a print product. And it's disgusting.

I can't tell you how many times I've happened upon a newspaper site for the first time and been mystified by its strange section titles. Take a look at some of these and see if you can guess what kind of content lurks behind them:

(I don't mean to pick on these sites in particular; they're just the first few I stumbled upon.)

"FYI"? Isn't *everything* on a newspaper site supposed to be FYI? "PageSix"? That's very relevant in a newspaper, but online, it's meaningless. I'm from Chicago, so I'm familiar with "Metromix" -- but who's to say an outsider will know what that is?

Etc, etc, etc.

Producers of these sites might make the argument that repeat users will eventually *learn* the meaning of these vague terms. But what's the percentage of Internet users who just happen upon your site, say via a search engine, at any given time? I recall hearing it was a relatively high number.

Anyway, yes, newspaper sites have a long way to go in terms of usability. I've only mentioned a single usability problem above, but there are way too many others.

Since posting, I've found a few more:

Thoughts? Seen any really wacky section titles? Post a comment.

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July 12, 2002, 12:50 PM ET

Helping the uninitiated 'get it'

Here's a great cause that's worth helping: A few members of evolt.org's thelist list-serv have begun a campaign to put together an informational kit that explains, in plain English, why sites should adopt Web standards. In theory, it'd be an explanatory white paper -- complete with charts, laws and real-life case studies -- that Web designers could take to their bosses/managers/clients and say, "This is why our site should be standards-compliant. Here's the proof."

All right! I can't wait to see what they come up with. The best part is, anyone can help. They've set up a Yahoo Group and have begun preliminary discussions on where the group is going and who's helping out with what. Do the Web a favor and check 'em out.

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July 12, 2002, 8:43 AM ET

USATODAY.com hacked

USATODAY.com reports hackers "penetrated the site and vandalized the homefront" late last night. Ananova reports bogus stories appeared on the site's home page. Matt Drudge reports the bogus stories included "Bush proposes another new Cabinet post," "Opps says the Pope; Christianity a Sham!" and "Donald Rumsfeld: An American Beauty?"

USATODAY.com was taken offline and restored a few hours later, according to the note on its Web site.

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July 11, 2002, 7:14 PM ET

At Economist.com, compliance is in the works

David Wertheimer, design director of Economist.com (and fellow blogger), outlined some fantastic future plans for his site in a WebDesign-L post yesterday. Namely, he and his team are planning to rewrite their site in standards-compliant code. Here's a snippet of what David wrote:

1. We are looking into the adoption of limited-use CSS for our text rendering, which will significantly reduce our HTML once more -- time to phase out the "178 font tags" noted here earlier. Issues remain, and implementaion may take several months, but development is underway.

2. We are determining a formal doctype (debating HTML 4 and XHTML 1.1, if you're curious), and new development will soon be written with compliant code, start to finish, preparing Economist.com for the future as well as the present.

I continue to stand by my opinions that providing consistent page delivery and a backward-compatible user experience is tantamount to good design.

At the same time, I am moving Economist.com forward, with code compliance and simpler page structure, and we are doing so with an eye on our browser stats and a clean, consistent design. I am proud of this achievement and I encourage the design community to strive for similar goals.

Outstanding! The fact that the director of a major site was willing to openly discuss -- and encourage suggestions for -- some of his site's flaws is admirable in itself. But even cooler than that is his dedication to Web standards and clean page structure. To my knowledge, this is unprecedented. (News sites traditionally have had terrible code.) I hope this gets the ball rolling in the industry, and I have a feeling it will, once David and crew begin to reap the many benefits of their work and other sites take notice.

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July 11, 2002, 1:26 PM ET

Auto-refresh on news home pages

I was taking my merry time while browsing the headlines on a news site's home page late last night, and suddenly the page reloaded on me.

I hate it when that happens.

Yes, some news sites' home pages are set to refresh automatically after a certain number of seconds. Here are a few offenders, ranked by number of seconds between refreshes:

I can only assume the producers of these news sites do this for two reasons: to make sure their users see the very latest headlines, and/or to drive up their page views. Let's tackle these reasons one at a time.

Using auto refresh to ensure users see the very latest headlines. Oh, please. Let's give users some credit. I think it's safe to say that the majority of Web users know...

If users want the latest news, they'll hit "refresh." And if they're confused enough not to know how to use the "refresh" button, just think how confused they'd get if their page automatically reloaded in their faces.

Using auto refresh to drive up page views. This, like related "strategies" (e.g. making users click through several pages just to get content, in order to get more page views), is incredibly ridiculous, unethical and just plain sneaky in the worst ways possible. Any online journalist who does this willingly should really reconsider his or her career: Try spamming, telemarketing, etc., instead. It's more up your alley.

But back to auto-refresh. Not only does it offer no advantages, but it presents several disadvantages in your site's accessibility and usability.

Let's start at the top. The World Wide Web Consortium, in its "Techniques for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0", flat-out says:

Until user agents provide the ability to stop the refresh, do not create periodically auto-refreshing pages.

This is a Priority 2 guideline, which means Web developers should do this. There are browsers that do provide the ability to stop auto-refresh, but I don't believe this feature isn't readily available in mainstream browsers yet -- at least the three or four Mac and PC browsers I use. (Please correct me if I'm wrong by posting a comment below.)

Why the guideline? The W3C gives an example of a "retiree with several aging-related conditions" who tends to avoid sites that auto-refresh because he can't get through the site without having the carpet pulled out from under him via an auto-refresh. It's not just retirees; some people read slowly, period -- and couple that with the fact that, people read 25% slower from computer screens than paper. Has anyone given some serious thought to how many people auto-refresh pisses off?

So, we've established auto-refresh is bad. But what to do? Simple. Make it an "opt-in" option. The Simplified Web Accessibility Guide offers this solution:

[W]hen using a continually updated page, inform the users that they should reload the page often...If using auto-refresh is unavoidable, provide a single line of text at the top of the page stating that the page contains changing information and will automatically reload itself after a certain amount of time. Also, provide a link to the next screen for those browsers that don't support the feature.

Or, if you insist on auto-refresh for whatever diabolical reason, fess up, and provide a way out. Digital Web Magazine suggests, "If you must create an auto-refreshing page, warn the user and allow them to request more time, if possible."

Good examples of this are washingtonpost.com's Live Online chats, during which users may specifically designate "Automatically Update Page" (in the left rail). But the default pages do not automatically update.

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July 10, 2002, 12:52 PM ET

An important day in accessibility

Today's the "most important day" in Mark Pilgrim's accessibility series. The topic: text equivalents for images. In short, he says every image needs an ALT attribute.

This is an oldie but goodie, relatively well known compared to some of his other tips, but that doesn't make it less important.

Something I've found useful (and that Mark didn't mention) is the "ALT attributes -- show all" favelet on this page. It's a tiny, bookmarkable script that gives you a list of all the images on whatever page is open in your browser, along with their corresponding ALT values. That way, you can easily weed out the images that don't have 'em.

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July 9, 2002, 11:11 PM ET

And the survey says

In tomorrow's Toronto Globe and Mail: On-line surveys help sites improve. The article makes this claim:

Having the best Web designers on the planet is no guarantee of getting it right the first time, or even the second. The only way to know for sure that you're hitting the mark is to ask customers.

In reading it, I was instantly reminded of Jakob Nielsen's column First Rule of Usability? Don't Listen to Users, in which he claims:

To design an easy-to-use interface, pay attention to what users do, not what they say. Self-reported claims are unreliable, as are user speculations about future behavior.

OK, so we have two very different opinions here. But I think they're both valid points.

I'm of the belief that users know a little something about their Web surfing habits, and therefore it can be useful to ask them what your site is doing wrong or right. But Jakob has a point -- sometimes users aren't the coldest beers in the fridge, and what they say isn't really helpful.

I'm curious as to how common these online surveys are in the Web news world. To what degree do sites use them? Are they helpful? My experience with them has been minimal.

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July 9, 2002, 10:49 PM ET

List-mania

Today's Web accessibility tip from Mark encourages us to use the real code for HTML lists, rather than hard-coding in an image before each item in your lists.

This tip is especially appropriate for news sites, considering lists of headlines are the bread and butter of most of their home pages.

To see the hard-coded images in action, check out the News Break section on the right side of ajc.com's home page -- each of those red arrows is a separate image. Same goes for CJOnline's home page, but in its case the arrows are double arrows, and they're blue. Neither site has an ALT attribute set for the arrow images, which means people using a text-only browser will see [redarrow] each time that image is used on ajc.com, and [blue_double_arrow] for every instance on CJOnline.

Of course, I don't mean to pick on these two sites in particular. After browsing for a few more minutes, I found many more examples:

I also noticed some sites use normal text bullets but go out of the way to style them in a different color or font. This is fine and dandy from an accessibility standpoint (text bullets should show up as text bullets regardless of your browser environment, as long as nothing funky happens with character sets), but I think it's wasteful -- and downright silly -- to do this. Here are some culprits:

For all these sites, OL and UL tags would simplify the lists tenfold -- they'd be easier to maintain, the pages would be lighter (assuming stylesheets were used), and in some cases they'd be more accessible. News sites have got to clean up their flab.

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July 8, 2002, 8:16 PM ET

Redoing your old pages in CSS, step by step

Digital Web Magazine has published a great tutorial on converting current Web designs to CSS. After a detailed run-through of a sample redesign, the author compares the file sizes of the table-based and CSS-based designs, concluding...

Contemporary CSS methods do win a victory in a head-to-head match based on file sizes. But more importantly, using CSS for pure presentation allows the removal of all spacer GIFs, HTML tables, and a total of 31 images! The benefits of dropping those methods are sizable savings by themselves. Couple these savings with the added bonus of valid markup that will work in standards compliant Web devices, and it's very clear that CSS is the way to go.

Well said. Now, only if news sites listened.

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July 8, 2002, 4:18 PM ET

Bowing down to Microsoft

Here's a depressing story from news.com: Sites bow to Microsoft's browser king The headline about says it all; the article claims many Web developers are ignoring Web standards in favor of using proprietary Internet Explorer code.

On the other hand, here's a reaction to the story from a member of the Web Standards Project.

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July 8, 2002, 12:14 PM ET

Spacer GIFs and ALT attributes

The latest tip in Mark Pilgrim's 30 days to a more accessible weblog series is to use an empty ALT attribute on spacer images so non-graphical browsers will ignore them.

In my mind, spacer GIFs, which are transparent 1x1-pixel images that some Web designers use to achieve precise positioning of elements on their pages, are a severe bastardization of what HTML was intended to be. Images are meant to add pictures and graphics to your Web pages -- not to push your text over 155 pixels to the right, to set up an adequate margin. (That's what style sheet properties are for.)

But aside from that argument, spacer GIFs have a terrible effect on text-only browsers. (This is Mark Pilgrim's main point.) Since a text-only browser can't display images, it displays the ALT (alternate) text for images in their place. Thus, a page with lots of spacers might look like this in a text-only browser:

[spacer][spacer][spacer]
[spacer]
[spacer][spacer][logo]The Anytown Daily News
[spacer]
...

Not pretty. If the above example had used blank ALT attributes, all of those annoying [spacer]s wouldn't have shown up.

I examined the code of several large newspaper Web site home pages to see how rampant spacer GIFs were. Here's the bad news:

nytimes.com used 103 spacer GIFs, all without ALT attributes. I visited their site with a text-only browser and was met with an ugly sea of [spacer]s. It's clear that text-only browsers are not welcome at The New York Times.

washingtonpost.com used 36 spacer GIFs -- significantly fewer than the Times, but worse, for the following reason: Each spacer image was specifically designated as ALT="spacer". If they cleared these ALT values, they'd make their pages look a lot cleaner in text-only browsers, and cut their home page's load time.

cnn.com used 48 spacers, but they got it right -- each one had ALT="". Nice.

latimes.com used 0 spacers. Instead, their spacing needs were handled by style sheets. Outstanding. CORRECTION: Style sheets handle a part of their spacing needs, but Todd pointed out that the page does indeed use spacers -- 87, in fact. Some have ALTs, some don't.

usatoday.com used 94 spacers. Like nytimes.com, none of them had an ALT attribute. Poor.

chicagotribune.com used 86 spacers. These were all over the map. Some had ALT="", others had ALT="spacer", and still others had no ALT attribute at all.

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July 5, 2002, 12:49 AM ET

Web news awards overseas

Winners have been announced for the 2002 European Online Journalism Awards.

Looks like the BBC, fresh off winning the Webby for best news site, has cleaned up again.

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July 5, 2002, 12:11 AM ET

A hard day's work

A big deal here in Atlanta is the Peachtree Road Race, the world's largest 10K. This year at ajc.com, we decided to have some database-driven fun with the results. I ended up spending most of my day and night at the office creating the site -- but it turned out to be nifty, I think.

I got the race results at a little after noon today, popped them into a database, set up queries and wrote several programs to generate an assortment of pages. The final product is a wild forest of intertwined HTML pages. I hope users eat it up.

Here are the different ways I've presented the data:

I'm curious to see how much traffic the site gets -- although I'll quickly say that I'm definitely not a huge proponent of obsessing over site statistics. My personal philosophy is: Put every single bit of information online that you can, and if the information helps at least one person, it was worth it. As Rob Curley says, "Overkill is just the right amount."

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July 3, 2002, 1:27 PM ET

Smart code words vs. long, annoying numbers

As mentioned on E-Media Tidbits, the Spanish publication El Mercurio has begun including "Web codes" in its print edition classifieds. A Web code is a long number (e.g., 2011662) printed alongside a classified ad that you can enter into a form field on El Mercurio's Web site to get more information about the product -- like a nifty photo, detailed specifications, etc. -- that, clearly, wouldn't have fit in the newspaper.

It's a nice idea, but I think it the execution could be a bit better. Namely, who wants to remember random numbers? I'd rather be given an intuitive, descriptive, easily remembered code word. Something like "1996 chevy corvette" or "antique wooden table." That would make it much easier for me -- and it just might be easy enough to convince skeptical, or impatient, readers to use the system. (Yes, the numbered "Web code" system is relatively pain-free, too, but I think some people tend to shy away from large numbers. One glance at "2011662," and they might say, "To hell with it.")

It can be argued that if people are interested enough in the product, they'll do whatever it takes to get more information -- including scribbling long numerical codes. Yes, I agree. But for the casual browser, the process can be made much simpler by using easy code words.

(Isn't this why AOL's keywords are supposedly so successful?)

Thoughts? Have you ever seen something like this implemented on a site? Post a comment.

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July 2, 2002, 12:38 PM ET

17 days down, 13 to go

Mark Pilgrim's "dive into mark" blog continues its 30-day series on making blogs more accessible. The latest entries: avoiding opening new windows and the importance of defining acronyms. Once again, as I pointed out earlier, this is essential reading for any Web designer who cares about making his or her content accessible to all. I should hope that includes any and all designers of news Web sites.

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July 2, 2002, 12:31 PM ET

Online news audience is stagnant

Editor and Publisher reports the results of a new Pew study that reveals the online news audience isn't growing. Specifically, 25 percent of Americans get news online at least three times a week, as compared to 23 percent two years ago.

Why the stagnation? The article suggests that "we are so drenched in information, that news doesn't even stand out as a category."

That's a valid point. But I think the lull in users might also have something to do with news sites' design. People won't want to get news from a Web site if it's not designed in a logical way, or if it just plain looks too busy. Pew ought to do a study that somehow compares news sites' architecture/design with readership. Something like the Stanford-Poynter EyeTrack Study, with less eye tracking and more habit tracking.

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July 2, 2002, 11:55 AM ET

A worthwhile wireless world

A Geek News article about the wireless Internet suggests the technology is getting more and more popular -- but handheld wireless devices remain pretty much unusable, because most sites don't cater designs to them. The article's author opines:

I have been surfing the Internet on handhelds for three years now. While things have improved from the beginning, it's still, basically, a nightmare. I feel for Web developers, having to decide whether to fork their site once more for mobiles or attempt to make one version of the page that satisfies all screen sizes. Whatever most of them are choosing to do is not working.

In my mind, the answer is simple: Make sure your Web documents have a logical structure, and move all formatting into a stylesheet. Then designate a stylesheet for each browser type you'd like to support -- from standard Web browsers to handhelds to vocal browsers. Don't enlist programmers to output entirely different HTML pages for each medium; instead, do it the easy way.

This extends to "printer-friendly versions," too. Why make your users load another page just to get a printer-friendly version when you can use printer-friendly stylesheets instead? (A List Apart has a great article on this topic.)

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July 1, 2002, 11:44 AM ET

More on user registration

Last week's OJR article about user registration (which I wrote about here) has generated lots of discussion on the Web. Slashdot and Metafilter have picked up the story, and, as expected, most comments are strongly anti-registration. (Much of the Metafilter thread is devoted to posting creative ways of fooling registration/login forms.)

Halleluiah! My personal information belongs to me, thank you very much.

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Thanks for reading.

A Django site.